{"id":2353,"date":"2020-01-14T15:21:35","date_gmt":"2020-01-14T15:21:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/schizofrenie.cz\/verejne\/?page_id=2353"},"modified":"2025-12-19T11:17:26","modified_gmt":"2025-12-19T10:17:26","slug":"zavislosti","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/schizofrenie.cz\/verejne\/zavislosti\/","title":{"rendered":"Schizofrenie a z\u00e1vislosti"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Schizofrenie a z\u00e1vislosti <\/h1>

U lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed zneu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed drogy, se n\u011bkdy rozvinou p\u0159\u00edznaky velmi p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky schizofrenie a v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech m\u016f\u017ee zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed drog skute\u010dn\u011b v\u00e9st ke stavu, ze kter\u00e9ho se rozvine onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Mimo to se u velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti psychiatrick\u00fdch pacient\u016f objevuje patologick\u00e9 hr\u00e1\u010dstv\u00ed, a to v\u010detn\u011b osob s poruchami n\u00e1lady a se zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm n\u00e1vykov\u00fdch l\u00e1tek. Tato zpr\u00e1va se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 vztahem mezi schizofreni\u00ed a n\u00e1vykov\u00fdm chov\u00e1n\u00edm v souvislosti s alkoholem, drogami a patologick\u00fdm hr\u00e1\u010dstv\u00edm.<\/p><\/a>

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Schizofrenie a poruchy osobnosti se \u010dasto p\u0159ekr\u00fdvaj\u00ed se z\u00e1vislost\u00ed na drog\u00e1ch nebo alkoholu.1<\/sup> Drogy, alkohol a n\u00e1vykov\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed, jako je patologick\u00e9 hr\u00e1\u010dstv\u00ed, vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jedinci \u010dasto jako dysfunk\u010dn\u00ed postupy, pomoc\u00ed kter\u00fdch se pokou\u0161ej\u00ed l\u00e9pe zvl\u00e1dnout p\u0159\u00edznaky onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.2<\/sup>

\u010c\u00edm v\u00edce jedinec u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 n\u00e1vykov\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, aby zvl\u00e1dnul sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky, t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed je riziko rozvoje z\u00e1vislosti.2 <\/sup>Studie ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b polovina t\u011bch, kdo maj\u00ed du\u0161evn\u00ed nemoc, se tak\u00e9 pot\u00fdk\u00e1 se zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm n\u00e1vykov\u00fdch l\u00e1tek anebo se u nich m\u016f\u017ee rozvinout z\u00e1vislost na drog\u00e1ch \u010di alkoholu pozd\u011bji v \u017eivot\u011b.3 <\/sup>Podle publikovan\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f zneu\u017e\u00edvalo v minul\u00e9m roce drogy anebo alkohol p\u0159es 8 milion\u016f dosp\u011bl\u00fdch (3,4 % v\u0161ech dosp\u011bl\u00fdch) s du\u0161evn\u00ed nemoc\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e sou\u010dasn\u00fd v\u00fdskyt du\u0161evn\u00ed nemoci a poruchy spojen\u00e9 s u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm n\u00e1vykov\u00fdch l\u00e1tek m\u011blo 2,6 milionu dosp\u011bl\u00fdch.3<\/sup>

N\u011bkter\u00e9 d\u016fkazy ale nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee mezi u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm ur\u010dit\u00fdch drog a p\u0159\u00edznaky schizofrenie existuje kauz\u00e1ln\u00ed souvislost.4<\/sup> Nap\u0159\u00edklad diethylamid kyseliny lysergov\u00e9 (LSD) a dal\u0161\u00ed halucinogeny mohou v\u00e9st k rozvoji aktivn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f nemoci,5<\/sup> zat\u00edmco marihuana m\u016f\u017ee d\u00edky sv\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 l\u00e1tce tetrahydrokanabinolu (THC) u n\u011bkter\u00fdch lid\u00ed vyprovokovat za\u010d\u00e1tek nemoci.6<\/sup> THC m\u00e1 siln\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek na mozek, kter\u00fd u lid\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem ovliv\u0148uje schopnost \u00fasudku a vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed nebo pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed pam\u011bti. Kdy\u017e \u010dlov\u011bk bez ohledu na sv\u00e9 du\u0161evn\u00ed zdrav\u00ed kou\u0159\u00ed nebo konzumuje marihuanu, projev\u00ed se u n\u011bj dezorganizace a naru\u0161en\u00ed funkce mozku a n\u00e1sledn\u011b se do\u010dasn\u011b rozvinou n\u011bkter\u00e9 symptomy, kter\u00e9 se b\u011b\u017en\u011b vyskytuj\u00ed u schizofrenie.6<\/sup> Postupem \u010dasu mohou neurologick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky drogy zv\u00fd\u0161it pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee se rozvine onemocn\u011bn\u00ed samo, a to zejm\u00e9na u lid\u00ed s dal\u0161\u00edmi v\u00fdznamn\u00fdmi riziky vzniku schizofrenie.7<\/sup>

Konzumace alkoholu vede ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed rizika akutn\u00edho nebo chronick\u00e9ho po\u0161kozen\u00ed a m\u016f\u017ee navodit psychotickou epizodu nebo zhor\u0161it psychiatrick\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.8<\/sup> Z\u00e1vislost na alkoholu zvy\u0161uje pravd\u011bpodobnost rozvoje schizofrenie v\u00edc ne\u017e zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed halucinogen\u016f.9<\/sup> Krom\u011b toho maj\u00ed lid\u00e9 se schizofreni\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed konzumuj\u00ed alkohol nebo u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed drogy, men\u0161\u00ed motivaci zm\u011bnit sv\u00e9 n\u00e1vykov\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed, vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskyt relaps\u016f zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1vykov\u00fdch l\u00e1tek a neu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dby.10<\/sup> Vzhledem k p\u0159eva\u017euj\u00edc\u00edmu nedostatku motivace, jeho souvislosti se schizofreni\u00ed11<\/sup> a potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed spojitost\u00ed mezi n\u00edzkou motivac\u00ed a pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00edm u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm n\u00e1vykov\u00fdch l\u00e1tek10<\/sup> m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ztr\u00e1ta motivace jedn\u00edm z nejkriti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edch faktor\u016f, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed vliv na hor\u0161\u00ed zotaven\u00ed u osob s touto poruchou, kter\u00e9 u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed alkohol a neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed grogy.

N\u011bkolik studi\u00ed nav\u00edc nazna\u010dilo \u010dast\u00fd sou\u010dasn\u00fd v\u00fdskyt psychiatrick\u00fdch poruch a poruch kontroly impulz\u016f v\u010detn\u011b patologick\u00e9ho hr\u00e1\u010dstv\u00ed.12-14 <\/sup>Patologick\u00e9 hr\u00e1\u010dstv\u00ed je \u010dasto spojeno se zat\u010den\u00edm, uv\u011bzn\u011bn\u00edm a dal\u0161\u00edmi ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edmi opat\u0159en\u00edmi.14<\/sup> Vzhledem k \u0159ad\u011b nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdch \u017eivotn\u00edch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed, jako jsou finan\u010dn\u00ed a rodinn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 hr\u00e1\u010dstv\u00edm, lze o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee jedinci se schizofreni\u00ed budou m\u00edt vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed riziko relaps\u016f a pobytu v nemocnici z d\u016fvodu sv\u00e9 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed citlivosti ke stresu.14<\/sup>

Je t\u0159eba uv\u00e9st, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce potvrdily v\u00fdskyt patologick\u00e9ho hr\u00e1\u010dstv\u00ed v rodinn\u00fdch lini\u00edch psychiatrick\u00fdch pacient\u016f.15<\/sup> Zat\u00edm ov\u0161em nelze ur\u010dit, zda je jejich sou\u010dasn\u00fd v\u00fdskyt d\u00e1n sp\u00ed\u0161e genetick\u00fdmi faktory, vlivy vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed nebo oboj\u00edm.16<\/sup> Epidemiologick\u00e9 \u00fadaje tak\u00e9 nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee patologi\u010dt\u00ed hr\u00e1\u010di, u nich\u017e je vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost rozvoje schizofrenie v pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b, jsou \u010dast\u011bji mu\u017ei, mlad\u0161\u00edho v\u011bku a sp\u00ed\u0161e z ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch socioekonomick\u00fdch vrstev. 17,18<\/sup>

P\u0159esto\u017ee byla v l\u00e9\u010dba patologick\u00e9ho hr\u00e1\u010dstv\u00ed zkoum\u00e1na \u0159ada l\u00e9k\u016f a behavior\u00e1ln\u00edch re\u017eim\u016f, studie v\u011bt\u0161inou vy\u0159azovaly pacienty s psych\u00f3zami.19<\/sup>
L\u00e9ka\u0159i by u pacient\u016f se schizofreni\u00ed m\u011bli p\u00e1trat po potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch probl\u00e9mech s patologick\u00fdm hr\u00e1\u010dstv\u00edm, a to zejm\u00e9na u t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed d\u0159\u00edve nebo aktu\u00e1ln\u011b zneu\u017e\u00edvali drogy anebo alkohol. Velmi pot\u0159ebujeme dal\u0161\u00ed studii, ktrer\u00e1 by se zab\u00fdvala mo\u017en\u00fdm rizikem a protektivn\u00edmi korel\u00e1ty probl\u00e9mu a patologick\u00e9ho hr\u00e1\u010dstv\u00ed u pacient\u016f s psych\u00f3zami, a rovn\u011b\u017e je nutn\u00e9 zkoumat \u00fa\u010dinnou l\u00e9\u010dbu pro tyto pacienty.

Kone\u010dn\u011b, byla pops\u00e1na siln\u00e1 souvislost mezi zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm cel\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1ly n\u00e1vykov\u00fdch l\u00e1tek nebo alkoholu a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm rizikem rozvoje schizofrenie pozd\u011bji v \u017eivot\u011b, i kdy\u017e p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinn\u00fd vztah nelze dosud jednozna\u010dn\u011b dolo\u017eit. V r\u00e1mci prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edho hled\u00e1n\u00ed postup\u016f, kter\u00e9 by pomohly sn\u00ed\u017eit u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1vykov\u00fdch l\u00e1tek u schizofrenie, by mohlo pomoci v\u00edce se zam\u011b\u0159it na nedostatek motivace nebo na souvislost mezi motivac\u00ed a u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm n\u00e1vykov\u00fdch l\u00e1tek p\u0159i snaze o pln\u00e9 pochopen\u00ed jejich vztahu a zlep\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f l\u00e9\u010dby.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

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  15. Raylu et al. Clin Psychol Rev. 2002;22:1009\u20131061.<\/li>
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  19. Grant et al. Oxford University Press; 2007. pp. 561\u2013578.<\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-fullwidth.php","meta":{"rea_page_title_signed_in_meta_block_field":"schizofrenie a z\u00e1vislosti","rea_page_title_signed_out_meta_block_field":"schizofrenie a z\u00e1vislosti","rea_page_description_signed_in_meta_block_field":"","rea_page_description_signed_out_meta_block_field":"","rea_page_footer_id_meta_block_field":"","rea_page_footer_date_meta_block_field":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2353","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/schizofrenie.cz\/verejne\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2353","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/schizofrenie.cz\/verejne\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/schizofrenie.cz\/verejne\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/schizofrenie.cz\/verejne\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/schizofrenie.cz\/verejne\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2353"}],"version-history":[{"count":24,"href":"https:\/\/schizofrenie.cz\/verejne\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2353\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3303,"href":"https:\/\/schizofrenie.cz\/verejne\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2353\/revisions\/3303"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/schizofrenie.cz\/verejne\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2353"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}