{"id":2249,"date":"2020-01-14T13:54:01","date_gmt":"2020-01-14T13:54:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/schizofrenie.cz\/verejne\/?page_id=2249"},"modified":"2025-12-19T11:17:27","modified_gmt":"2025-12-19T10:17:27","slug":"diagnoza","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/schizofrenie.cz\/verejne\/diagnoza\/","title":{"rendered":"Diagn\u00f3za"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-inpage-nav-rea-inpage-nav-block rea-inpage-nav-block front has-margin\"><div class=\"rea-inpage-nav-block__image\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/schizofrenie.cz\/verejne\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/wooden.png)\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"inpage-nav-background\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/schizofrenie.cz\/verejne\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/wooden.png\"><\/div><div class=\"rea-inpage-nav-block__content\"><div class=\"rea-inpage-nav-block__content--wrapper\"><div class=\"text-wrapper\"><h2 class=\"inpage-nav-title\">Diagn\u00f3za<\/h2><ul class=\"inpage-nav-list\"><li>Z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdznam m\u00e1 zachycen\u00ed prodrom\u00e1ln\u00ed f\u00e1ze a ur\u010den\u00ed t\u00edsn\u011b, kterou p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed.<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"section-nav\"><h4 class=\"section-nav--title\">V t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1sti<\/h4><div class=\"section-nav--nav-items js-inpage-nav-items\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-title-rea-title-block rea-title-block front\"><div class=\"rea-title-block__content\"><h3 id=\"strongzachycen-asnch-znmekstrong\" class=\"content-title \"><strong>Zachycen\u00ed \u010dasn\u00fdch zn\u00e1mek<\/strong><\/h3><h4 class=\"content-subtitle rea-hidden\"><\/h4><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\">Podle aktu\u00e1ln\u00edch doporu\u010den\u00ed nelze diagn\u00f3zu stanovit p\u0159ed rozvojem prvn\u00edch psychotick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f.<br>Zachycen\u00ed prodrom\u00e1ln\u00edch zn\u00e1mek ale m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zcela z\u00e1sadn\u00ed z hlediska prevence dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdvoje nebo \u010dasn\u00e9 intervence.<br><br>Pokud n\u011bkdo zachyt\u00ed prodrom\u00e1ln\u00ed zn\u00e1mky, m\u016f\u017ee se pokusit minimalizovat zn\u00e1m\u00e9 rizikov\u00e9 faktory, kter\u00e9 ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed rozvoj schizofrenie: stres, m\u011bstsk\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed, emigrace, konop\u00ed atd\u2026<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-cta-rea-cta-block rea-cta-block front cta-left\"><div class=\"rea-cta-block__content\" style=\"padding-bottom: 0\"><h4 class=\"cta-title\"><\/h4><p class=\"cta-text\"><\/p><a class=\"button__primary button-text\" href=\"\/verejne\/co-je-to-schizofrenie\/co-je-to-schizofrenie\/\">Zjist\u011bte v\u00edce o p\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u00e1ch schizofrenie<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-separator-rea-separator-block rea-separator-block front\"><div class=\"rea-separator-block__content\"><hr class=\"rea-separator-block__separator\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-title-rea-title-block rea-title-block front\"><div class=\"rea-title-block__content\"><h3 id=\"strongnstroje-pro-diagnzustrong\" class=\"content-title \"><strong>N\u00e1stroje pro diagn\u00f3zu<\/strong><\/h3><h4 class=\"content-subtitle rea-hidden\"><\/h4><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\">Schizofrenie se diagnostikuje na z\u00e1klad\u011b symptom\u016f. I kdy\u017e lze vy\u0161et\u0159it n\u011bkter\u00e9 biologick\u00e9 a t\u011blesn\u00e9 charakteristiky, norm\u00e1ln\u011b se ke stanoven\u00ed diagn\u00f3zy nepou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed. <sup>1<\/sup><br>Kdy\u017e bude zdravotn\u00edk mluvit s v\u00e1mi nebo s va\u0161im bl\u00edzk\u00fdm o mo\u017en\u00e9 diagn\u00f3ze schizofrenie, bude v\u017edy postupovat podle stejn\u00fdch rutinn\u00edch krok\u016f.<br>Diagnostick\u00e9 testy schizofrenie se sna\u017e\u00ed posoudit, jak\u00fd dopad maj\u00ed t\u0159i formy symptom\u016f na \u010dlov\u011bka se schizofreni\u00ed.<sup>2 <\/sup>Vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed, pomoc\u00ed kter\u00fdch se ur\u010d\u00ed diagn\u00f3za nebo vylou\u010d\u00ed jin\u00e9 poruchy, mohou zahrnovat:<sup>3<\/sup> <\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-list-rea-list-block rea-list-block front\"><div class=\"rea-list-block__wrapper\"><div class=\"list-unordered list\"><p>Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed k vylou\u010den\u00ed jin\u00fdch potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch p\u0159\u00ed\u010din symptom\u016f<\/p><p>Vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed k vylou\u010den\u00ed mo\u017en\u00fdch jin\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed a screeningov\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed na alkohol a drogy<\/p><p>Psychiatrick\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed k posouzen\u00ed du\u0161evn\u00edho stavu<\/p><p>Zhodnocen\u00ed diagnostick\u00fdch krit\u00e9ri\u00ed pro schizofrenii<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\">Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed renomovan\u00fd manu\u00e1l pro du\u0161evn\u00ed poruchy (nazban\u00fd DSM-5)<sup>4<\/sup> obsahuje nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed krit\u00e9ria pro zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed schizofrenie a l\u00e9ka\u0159 je pou\u017eije jako pom\u016fcku pro stanoven\u00ed diagn\u00f3zy.<br>Tento n\u00e1stroj zahrnuje velk\u00fd po\u010det p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f a rys\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou u schizofrenie b\u011b\u017en\u00e9. \u010clov\u011bk se schizofreni\u00ed ale nebude m\u00edt ka\u017ed\u00fd jeden symptom popsan\u00fd v DSM-5.<br>Ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk bude m\u00edt jedine\u010dnou kombinaci symptom\u016f a pro\u017eitk\u016f.<sup>5<\/sup><br><br>Mezi mo\u017en\u00e1 jin\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e1 je t\u0159eba odli\u0161it, pat\u0159\u00ed tzv. bipol\u00e1rn\u00ed afektivn\u00ed porucha, n\u00e1dory mozku, Wilsonova choroba, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 funkce \u0161t\u00edtn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1zy a infekce jako ch\u0159ipka, lymsk\u00e1 boreli\u00f3za a HIV, kter\u00e9 mohou zp\u016fsobovat zm\u011bny du\u0161evn\u00edho stavu posti\u017een\u00e9ho.<sup>6<\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-separator-rea-separator-block rea-separator-block front\"><div class=\"rea-separator-block__content\"><hr class=\"rea-separator-block__separator\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-title-rea-title-block rea-title-block front\"><div class=\"rea-title-block__content\"><h3 id=\"strongprbh-nemocistrong\" class=\"content-title \"><strong>Pr\u016fb\u011bh nemoci<\/strong><\/h3><h4 class=\"content-subtitle rea-hidden\"><\/h4><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\">Je tak\u00e9 t\u0159eba uv\u00e9st, \u017ee schizofrenie nem\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edmo\u010dar\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh.<br>Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee toto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt velmi r\u016fznorod\u00e9 podle toho, koho postihne, je obvykle lep\u0161\u00ed popisovat t\u0159i f\u00e1ze schizofrenie, kter\u00e9 se objevuj\u00ed v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u017eivota: prodrom\u00e1ln\u00ed, akutn\u00ed a stabiln\u00ed.<sup>7,8<\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-cta-rea-cta-block rea-cta-block front cta-left\"><div class=\"rea-cta-block__content\" style=\"padding-bottom: 0\"><h4 class=\"cta-title\"><\/h4><p class=\"cta-text\"><\/p><a class=\"button__primary button-text\" href=\"\/verejne\/vyvoj-schizofrenie\/\">Zjist\u011bte v\u00edce o pr\u016fb\u011bhu onemocn\u011bn\u00ed<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-title-rea-title-block rea-title-block front\"><div class=\"rea-title-block__content\"><h3 id=\"\" class=\"content-title rea-hidden\"><\/h3><h4 class=\"content-subtitle \"><strong>Typy symptom\u016f<\/strong><\/h4><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\">Aby mohla b\u00fdt stanovena ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed diagn\u00f3za schizofrenie, doporu\u010duje DSM-5 p\u0159\u00edtomnost nejm\u00e9n\u011b dvou nebo v\u00edce symptom\u016f po dobu nejm\u00e9n\u011b jednoho m\u011bs\u00edce.<sup>4<\/sup> Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edzanky, zvan\u00e9 <em>pozitivn\u00ed symptomy<\/em>, jsou bludy, halucinace, pohybov\u00e9 poruchy a dezorganizovan\u00e1 \u0159e\u010d a chov\u00e1n\u00ed.<sup>4<\/sup> Dal\u0161\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou kategori\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f jsou <em>negativn\u00ed symptomy<\/em>, kter\u00fdmi m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nap\u0159\u00edklad chyb\u011bn\u00ed emoc\u00ed nebo sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 konverzace.<sup>4<\/sup> P\u0159\u00edtomny mohou b\u00fdt i kognitivn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky, nap\u0159. probl\u00e9my s informovan\u00fdm rozhodov\u00e1n\u00edm a v\u00fdb\u011brem a organizovan\u00fdm my\u0161len\u00edm.<sup>9<\/sup><br>  <br>Pozitivn\u00ed i negativn\u00ed symptomy se mohou objevovat v pr\u016fb\u011bhu kter\u00e9koliv f\u00e1ze nemoci: p\u0159ed psychotickou epizodou, b\u011bhem n\u00ed i po n\u00ed.  <\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-references-rea-references-block rea-references-block front\"><div class=\"rea-references-block__references\"><p class=\"references-title\">Literatura<\/p><ol class=\"references-list\"><li>Messinger JW. Clin Psychol Rev. 2011 Feb;31(1):161-8;<\/li><li>WebMD Diagnostic Tests for Schizophrenia. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/schizophrenia\/diagnostic-tests-schizophrenia#1\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/schizophrenia\/diagnostic-tests-schizophrenia#1<\/a> [Accessed July 2019]<\/li><li>Mayo Clinic Schizophrenia Diagnosis. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/schizophrenia\/diagnosis-treatment\/drc-20354449\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/schizophrenia\/diagnosis-treatment\/drc-20354449<\/a> [Accessed July 2019]<\/li><li>American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.)<\/li><li>NICE CG178 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/cg178\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/cg178<\/a><\/li><li>Medscape Schizophrenia Differential Diagnoses. <a href=\"https:\/\/emedicine.medscape.com\/article\/288259-differential\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/emedicine.medscape.com\/article\/288259-differential <\/a>[Accessed July 2019]<\/li><li>AIPC Overview of Schizophrenia. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aipc.net.au\/articles\/an-overview-of-schizophrenia\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.aipc.net.au\/articles\/an-overview-of-schizophrenia\/<\/a> [Accessed July 2019]<\/li><li>CPA Schizophrenia: A journey to recovery. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.schizophrenia.ca\/docs\/RoadtoRecoveryschzhioph-web.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.schizophrenia.ca\/docs\/RoadtoRecoveryschzhioph-web.pdf<\/a> [Accessed July 2019]<\/li><li>National Institute of Mental Health Schizophrenia. 2009<\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Zjist\u011bte v\u00edce o p\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u00e1ch schizofrenie Zjist\u011bte v\u00edce o pr\u016fb\u011bhu onemocn\u011bn\u00ed<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2454,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-fullwidth.php","meta":{"rea_page_title_signed_in_meta_block_field":"stanoven\u00ed diagn\u00f3zy schizofrenie","rea_page_title_signed_out_meta_block_field":"stanoven\u00ed diagn\u00f3zy schizofrenie","rea_page_description_signed_in_meta_block_field":"Podle aktu\u00e1ln\u00edch doporu\u010den\u00ed nelze diagn\u00f3zu stanovt p\u0159ed rozvojem prvn\u00edch psychotick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f. Zachycen\u00ed prodrom\u00e1ln\u00edch zn\u00e1mek ale m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zcela z\u00e1sadn\u00ed z hlediska prevence dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdvoje nebo \u010dasn\u00e9 intervence.","rea_page_description_signed_out_meta_block_field":"Podle aktu\u00e1ln\u00edch doporu\u010den\u00ed nelze diagn\u00f3zu stanovt p\u0159ed rozvojem prvn\u00edch psychotick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f. Zachycen\u00ed prodrom\u00e1ln\u00edch zn\u00e1mek ale m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zcela z\u00e1sadn\u00ed z hlediska prevence dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdvoje nebo \u010dasn\u00e9 intervence.","rea_page_footer_id_meta_block_field":"","rea_page_footer_date_meta_block_field":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2249","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/schizofrenie.cz\/verejne\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2249","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/schizofrenie.cz\/verejne\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/schizofrenie.cz\/verejne\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/schizofrenie.cz\/verejne\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/schizofrenie.cz\/verejne\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2249"}],"version-history":[{"count":29,"href":"https:\/\/schizofrenie.cz\/verejne\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2249\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3310,"href":"https:\/\/schizofrenie.cz\/verejne\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2249\/revisions\/3310"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/schizofrenie.cz\/verejne\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2454"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/schizofrenie.cz\/verejne\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2249"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}