{"id":2208,"date":"2020-01-14T12:32:31","date_gmt":"2020-01-14T12:32:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/schizofrenie.cz\/verejne\/?page_id=2208"},"modified":"2026-03-26T09:37:25","modified_gmt":"2026-03-26T08:37:25","slug":"co-je-to-schizofrenie","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/schizofrenie.cz\/verejne\/co-je-to-schizofrenie\/co-je-to-schizofrenie\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u0159ehled o schizofrenii"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-inpage-nav-rea-inpage-nav-block rea-inpage-nav-block front has-margin\"><div class=\"rea-inpage-nav-block__image\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/schizofrenie.cz\/verejne\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/wooden.png)\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"inpage-nav-background\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/schizofrenie.cz\/verejne\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/wooden.png\"\/><\/div><div class=\"rea-inpage-nav-block__content\"><div class=\"rea-inpage-nav-block__content--wrapper\"><div class=\"text-wrapper\"><h2 class=\"inpage-nav-title\">P\u0159ehled o schizofrenii <\/h2><ul class=\"inpage-nav-list\"><li>Schizofrenie je du\u0161evn\u00ed nemoc, jej\u00ed\u017e p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina nen\u00ed dosud p\u0159esn\u011b zn\u00e1ma a kter\u00e1 se projevuje r\u016fzn\u00fdmi klinick\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edznaky.<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"section-nav\"><h4 class=\"section-nav--title\">V t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1sti<\/h4><div class=\"section-nav--nav-items js-inpage-nav-items\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-title-rea-title-block rea-title-block front\"><div class=\"rea-title-block__content\"><h3 id=\"pehled\" class=\"content-title \">P\u0159ehled<\/h3><h4 class=\"content-subtitle rea-hidden\"><\/h4><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\">Schizofrenii lze definovat jako z\u00e1va\u017enou du\u0161evn\u00ed poruchu, kter\u00e1 postihuje chov\u00e1n\u00ed, my\u0161len\u00ed a emoce. Prvn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f si m\u016f\u017eete v\u0161imnout v dob\u011b dosp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nebo v dosp\u011blosti, ve skute\u010dnosti ale za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 mnohem d\u0159\u00edve v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u017eivota. <sup>1<\/sup><br>U mu\u017e\u016f se p\u0159\u00edznaky objevuj\u00ed obvykle ve v\u011bku 15-25 let, zat\u00edmco u \u017een sp\u00ed\u0161e v pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edm v\u011bku (35\u201345 let). Schizofrenie je diagnostikov\u00e1na u obou pohlav\u00ed a ve v\u0161ech kultur\u00e1ch. <sup>2<\/sup><br>Na sv\u011bt\u011b \u017eije p\u0159es 21 milion\u016f lid\u00ed se schizofreni\u00ed a je \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed u mu\u017e\u016f ne\u017e u \u017een.<sup>3<\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-separator-rea-separator-block rea-separator-block front\"><div class=\"rea-separator-block__content\"><hr class=\"rea-separator-block__separator\"\/><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-title-rea-title-block rea-title-block front\"><div class=\"rea-title-block__content\"><h3 id=\"piny-a-pznaky\" class=\"content-title \">P\u0159\u00ed\u010diny a p\u0159\u00edznaky<\/h3><h4 class=\"content-subtitle rea-hidden\"><\/h4><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\">Ve sv\u00e9 podstat\u011b nen\u00ed jednozna\u010dn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina schizofrenie zn\u00e1ma. V\u00ed se ale, \u017ee svoji \u00falohu zde hraje n\u011bkolik faktor\u016f, nap\u0159. vlivy p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159ed narozen\u00edm, u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed l\u00e9k\u016f a spole\u010densk\u00e9 vlivy.<sup>4-7<\/sup>  <br>Se zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm rizikem rozvoje schizofrenie jsou spojeny tak\u00e9 faktory \u017eivotn\u00edho stylu. S touto du\u0161evn\u00ed poruchou souvis\u00ed i dal\u0161\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed faktory, nap\u0159. u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed konop\u00ed<sup>4<\/sup>, vyr\u016fst\u00e1n\u00ed ve velk\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b, siln\u011b emotivn\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed z\u00e1\u017eitky. <sup>5-7<\/sup>  <br>Rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem byla zkoum\u00e1na souvislost mezi u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm konop\u00ed a psych\u00f3zou. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v\u011bdci tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed konop\u00ed zvy\u0161uje pravd\u011bpodobnost vzniku schizofrenie a tak\u00e9 \u017ee jedinci s du\u0161evn\u00ed poruchou a jedinci s predispozic\u00ed k psych\u00f3ze \u010dast\u011bji u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed marihuanu ne\u017e obecn\u00e1 populace.<sup>13<\/sup> Nov\u00e1 studie, kter\u00e1 vy\u0161la v roce 2019 v \u010dasopise Lancet, tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee pokud by nebylo dostupn\u00e9 konop\u00ed, p\u0159ede\u0161lo by se t\u00edm 30 % p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f prvn\u00ed psychotick\u00e9 epizody v Lond\u00fdn\u011b a 50 % p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f v Amsterdamu.<sup>14 <\/sup> <br>Riziko schizofrenie je vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v r\u00e1mci rodin, z\u010d\u00e1sti z d\u016fvodu mo\u017en\u00fdch genetick\u00fdch faktor\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou podkladem schizofrenie.<sup>6,7,9<\/sup> Vliv gen\u016f ale tak\u00e9 z\u00e1vis\u00ed na jejich interakci s prost\u0159ed\u00edm, tak\u017ee genetiku samotnou nelze p\u0159\u00edmo spojovat s rozvojem schizofrenie.<sup>6<\/sup><br>Na v\u00fdskyt onemocn\u011bn\u00ed mohou m\u00edt vliv tak\u00e9 n\u011bkter\u00e9 odchylky ve struktu\u0159e a funkci mozku. <sup>10<\/sup><br>V\u00fdzkum uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee jedinci se schizofreni\u00ed maj\u00ed posti\u017een v\u00fdvoj mozku ji\u017e ve v\u011bku dosp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed.<sup>10<\/sup> Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee k tomu doch\u00e1z\u00ed dv\u011bma mo\u017en\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby:<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-list-rea-list-block rea-list-block front\"><div class=\"rea-list-block__wrapper\"><div class=\"list-unordered list\"><p>Nervov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky v mozku jsou propojeny do s\u00edt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 sou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro funkce a v\u00fdvoj mozku. V \u010deln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti mozku zvan\u00e9 prefront\u00e1ln\u00ed k\u016fra mohou v\u00fdb\u011b\u017eky nervov\u00fdch bun\u011bk (vstupuj\u00edc\u00ed do vz\u00e1jemn\u00fdch spoj\u016f zvan\u00fdch synapse) p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 &#8222;pro\u0159\u00eddnout&#8220;, co\u017e naru\u0161uje norm\u00e1ln\u00ed projen\u00ed v r\u00e1mci s\u00edt\u011b nervov\u00fdch bun\u011bk. \u0158\u00eddnut\u00ed synaps\u00ed je norm\u00e1ln\u00ed jev, ov\u0161em u lid\u00ed se schizofreni\u00ed je vystup\u0148ovan\u00e9. <sup>6<\/sup><\/p><p>Nervov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky vz\u00e1jemn\u011b komunikuj\u00ed pomoc\u00ed nervov\u00fdch p\u0159ena\u0161e\u010d\u016f, co\u017e jsou chemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 v mozku p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy. \u0160patn\u00e1 regulace t\u011bchto nervov\u00fdch p\u0159ena\u0161e\u010d\u016f m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k naru\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159enosu zpr\u00e1v a ovlivnit v\u00fdvoj mozku. U lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed schizofrenii, se zd\u00e1, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 nervov\u00e9 p\u0159ena\u0161e\u010de vykazuj\u00ed nadm\u011brnou aktivitu: dopamin, serotonin a glutam\u00e1t. <sup>6,11<\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\">Schizofrenie m\u00e1 \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu zjistiteln\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f, kter\u00e9 lze je rozd\u011blit do n\u011bkolika kategori\u00ed: <a href=\"https:\/\/schizofrenie.cz\/verejne\/understanding-schizophrenia\/main-symptoms\/\">pozitivn\u00ed<\/a> (nap\u0159. halucinace a bludy), <a href=\"https:\/\/schizofrenie.cz\/verejne\/understanding-schizophrenia\/main-symptoms\/\">negativn\u00ed<\/a> (spojen\u00e9 s ultumen\u00fdm vyjad\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm a oslabenou motivac\u00ed) a <a href=\"https:\/\/schizofrenie.cz\/verejne\/understanding-schizophrenia\/main-symptoms\/\">kognitivn\u00ed<\/a> (obt\u00ed\u017ee s ut\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00edm my\u0161lenek a pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00edm).<sup>12<\/sup><br><br><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-quote-rea-quote-block rea-quote-block front\"><div class=\"rea-quote-block__wrapper\"><div class=\"rea-quote-block__content-type\"><div class=\"rea-quote-block__content-type--background\" data-type=\"book\"><div class=\"rea-quote-block__content-type--icon attr-content-type\" data-type=\"book\"><div class=\"content-type-icon\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"rea-quote-block__content-area\"><p class=\"rea-quote-block__content-area--content-type html-content-type-title\" data-type=\"book\"><\/p><h5 class=\"rea-quote-block__content-area--title html-title\">Klasifikace du\u0161evn\u00edch poruch a poruch chov\u00e1n\u00ed ICD-10<\/h5><div class=\"rea-quote-block__content-area--subtitle html-subtitle\">Sv\u011btov\u00e1 zdravotnick\u00e1 organizace<\/div><div class=\"rea-quote-block__content-area--reference html-reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/classifications\/icd\/en\/GRNBOOK.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/classifications\/icd\/en\/GRNBOOK.pdf<\/a><\/div><div class=\"rea-quote-block__content-area--text html-text\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-references-rea-references-block rea-references-block front\"><div class=\"rea-references-block__references\"><p class=\"references-title\">Literatura<\/p><ol class=\"references-list\"><li>ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders  <a href=\"https:\/\/icd.who.int\/browse10\/2016\/en#\/F20\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/icd.who.int\/browse10\/2016\/en#\/F20<\/a>. Accessed July 2019<\/li><li>Mathews M. Schizophrenia and Acute Psychosis. August 2013<\/li><li>WHO schizophrenia fact sheet <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/schizophrenia\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/schizophrenia<\/a>. Accessed July 2019<\/li><li>Haller CS, Padmanabhan JL, Lizano P, Torous J, Keshavan M. Recent advances in understanding schizophrenia. F1000Prime Rep. 2014 Jul 8;6:57. doi: 10.12703\/P6-57. eCollection 2014. Review.<\/li><li>Klosterk\u00f6tter J, Schultze-Lutter F, Bechdolf A, Ruhrmann S. Prediction and prevention of schizophrenia: what has been achieved and where to go next? World Psychiatry. 2011;10(3):165\u2013174.<\/li><li>Sullivan PF, Kendler KS, Neale MC., Schizophrenia as a complex trait: evidence from a meta-analysis of twin studies. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003 Dec;60(12):1187-92.<\/li><li>McGuffin P. Nature and nurture interplay: schizophrenia. Psychiatr Prax. 2004 Nov;31 Suppl 2:S189-93.<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/health-12617495\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/health-12617495<\/a> [Accessed July 2019] <\/li><li>Kety SS. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994;51(6):442-55<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/schizophrenia\/causes\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/schizophrenia\/causes\/<\/a> [Accessed July 2019]<\/li><li>Brisch et al. The Role of Dopamine in Schizophrenia from a Neurobiological and Evolutionary Perspective: Old Fashioned, but Still in Vogue Front Psychiatry. 2014; 5: 47<\/li><li>NIH. Mental Health Information. Schizophrenia. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/topics\/schizophrenia\/index.shtml\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/topics\/schizophrenia\/index.shtml<\/a> Accessed July 2019<\/li><li>Psychol Med. 2017 Apr;47(5):971-980. doi: 10.1017\/S0033291716003172. Epub 2016 Dec 8. Assessing causality in associations between cannabis use and schizophrenia risk: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Gage SH, Jones HJ, Burgess S, Bowden J, Davey Smith G, Zammit S, Munaf\u00f2 MR.<\/li><li>The Lancet Psychiatry, VOLUME 6, ISSUE 5, P427-436, MAY 01, 2019. The contribution of cannabis use to variation in the incidence of psychotic disorder across Europe (EU-GEI): a multicentre case-control study. Marta Di Forti, PhD , Diego Quattrone, MD, Giada Tripoli, MSc,Charlotte Gayer-Anderson, PhD, Harriet Quigley, MD et al<\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rea-paragraph-rea-paragraph-block rea-paragraph-block front\"><div class=\"rea-paragraph-block__content\"><p class=\"content-text\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/schizofrenie.cz\/verejne\/otevrena-kniha-rozcestnik\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/schizofrenie.cz\/verejne\/otevrena-kniha-rozcestnik\/\">P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si Otev\u0159enou knihu<\/a> &#8211; pro rodiny, ve kter\u00fdch \u017eij\u00ed lid\u00e9 se schizofreni\u00ed. <\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1154,"parent":45,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-fullwidth.php","meta":{"rea_page_title_signed_in_meta_block_field":"Co je to schizofrenie?","rea_page_title_signed_out_meta_block_field":"Co je to schizofrenie?","rea_page_description_signed_in_meta_block_field":"Schizofrenii lze definovat jako z\u00e1va\u017enou du\u0161evn\u00ed poruchu, kter\u00e1 postihuje chov\u00e1n\u00ed, my\u0161len\u00ed a emoce. Prvn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f si m\u016f\u017eete v\u0161imnout v dob\u011b dosp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nebo v dosp\u011blosti, ve skute\u010dnosti ale za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 mnohem d\u0159\u00edve v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u017eivota.","rea_page_description_signed_out_meta_block_field":"Schizofrenii lze definovat jako z\u00e1va\u017enou du\u0161evn\u00ed poruchu, kter\u00e1 postihuje chov\u00e1n\u00ed, my\u0161len\u00ed a emoce. Prvn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f si m\u016f\u017eete v\u0161imnout v dob\u011b dosp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nebo v dosp\u011blosti, ve skute\u010dnosti ale za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 mnohem d\u0159\u00edve v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u017eivota.","rea_page_footer_id_meta_block_field":"","rea_page_footer_date_meta_block_field":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2208","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/schizofrenie.cz\/verejne\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2208","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/schizofrenie.cz\/verejne\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/schizofrenie.cz\/verejne\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/schizofrenie.cz\/verejne\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/schizofrenie.cz\/verejne\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2208"}],"version-history":[{"count":59,"href":"https:\/\/schizofrenie.cz\/verejne\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2208\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3331,"href":"https:\/\/schizofrenie.cz\/verejne\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2208\/revisions\/3331"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/schizofrenie.cz\/verejne\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/45"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/schizofrenie.cz\/verejne\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1154"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/schizofrenie.cz\/verejne\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2208"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}